Aluminom bụ ihe ọla kachasị dị n'ime ụwa. Ọ bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere mmepụta na ojiji nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa ma e mechaa ígwè. Ọ nwere njupụta dị ala, ihe dịka 1/3 nke ígwè. Ebe ọ bụ na aluminom dị ọcha dị nro ma nwee ike dị ala, ya mere, site n'ịgbakwunye obere ihe ndị dị ka magnesium, ọla kọpa, zinc, silicon, na lithium na aluminom, ịrụ ọrụ nke aluminum alloy dị mma. Aluminom alloys bụ ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụdị ihe eji arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ n'ihi ọmarịcha ọrụ ha na nguzogide corrosion. A na-eji ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihe owuwu, ikuku ikuku, ụgbọ ala, nrụpụta igwe, ịrụ ụgbọ mmiri na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ.
Aluminom alloys nwere ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ na kemịlị:
① Mechanical akụkụ, tumadi na-egosipụta na ala njupụta, elu ike, elu modulus, wdg Aluminom nwere a ala njupụta na bụ Mkpa ọkụ karịa ndị ọzọ ọla, naanị 1/4 nke ígwè, n'ihi ya, ọ bụ adabara iji na ubi na elu chọrọ maka fechaa;
② N'ihe gbasara akụrụngwa kemịkalụ, ebe ọ bụ na aluminom alloy nwere ike mepụta ihe nkiri oxide dị oke n'elu ya na ikuku, ọ nwere ike ichebe onwe ya pụọ na oxidation miri emi. Ya mere, ọ nwere magburu onwe corrosion eguzogide na nnọọ kwụsiri ike chemical mejupụtara.
③Aluminom alloy nwere ezigbo plasticity ma nwee ike hazie ya na profaịlụ dị iche iche. Ọ nwere ezigbo ọkụ eletrik na thermal conductivity. Ya mere, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ, na ojiji ya bụ nke abụọ na ígwè.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ihe karịrị 250 aluminum alloys nwere ihe dị iche iche mejupụtara na ụlọ ọrụ. Iji mee ka ihe dị iche iche dị mfe, dị ka ihe mejupụtara alloy dị iche iche si dị, China na-anabata usoro nhazi ọkwa ọkwa anọ nke mba ụwa nabatara iji kwado akara saịtị mmepụta, ebe nchekwa na njikwa mgbako. Aluminom alloys eji na ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha na-agụnyekarị aluminum-lithium alloys, 2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) usoro na 7XXX usoro aluminum alloys.
Ọchịchọ ahịa na mmepe mmepe nke ihe dị iche iche aluminom alloy
2XXX usoro aluminum alloy
2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) usoro aluminum alloys nwere nnukwu tensile ike, ike na ike ọgwụgwụ, ezigbo okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, nhazi na ịgbado ọkụ Njirimara, na-eji ọtụtụ ebe na ikuku, ụgbọala na ngwá agha ụlọ ọrụ. Akara ule ndị bụ isi bụ 2A01, 2A02, 2A06, 2A11, 2A12, wdg. E mepụtala usoro nke alloys iji meziwanye ike, ike dakọtara, na nnabata mmebi, dị ka 2024, 2124, 2524, 2324 alloys, wdg.
Ụdị akụrụngwa nke China na-etolite n'ụzọ nke ịdị arọ, ogologo ndụ, ntụkwasị obi dị elu na ọnụ ala dị ala, ma nwee nnukwu ihe achọrọ maka ike mgbaji mgbaji, mgbape mgbasa na nguzogide corrosion nke ihe akpụkpọ anụ fuselage. Dabere na 2024-T351 aluminum alloy thick plate, mba ọzọ emepụtala 2324, 2624 na ndị ọzọ dị elu mmebi ndidi aluminum alloys maka ala nku elu dị iche iche ike, siri ike, ike ọgwụgwụ na corrosion iguzogide, na enwetawo echichi na ngwa. China na-etolite 2XXX usoro aluminom alloys nke nwere mmebi dị elu. N'ọdịnihu, microalloying mejupụtara ga-abụ ntụziaka mmepe dị mkpa maka usoro Al-Cu-Mg dị elu nke aluminum alloys.
4XXX usoro aluminum alloy
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị eutectic na hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys eme ihe maka piston ụgbọ ala na China. Otú ọ dị, na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke ihe ndị chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ engine, ọ na-esiri ike imezu ihe ndị chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ. Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy nwere obere njupụta, obere ọnụọgụ mgbasawanye ahịrị, nkwụsi ike dị elu na nkwụsi ike olu, yana ihe piston kachasị mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere eutectic Al-Si alloys. Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons ka emepụtara na mba ofesi ma tinye ya na gwongworo na ụgbọ ala, dị ka A390 alloy na United States, AC9A na AC8A (ZL109) alloys na Japan, na A390 alloy na Australia. Otú ọ dị, ugbu a, e nwere ndị na-emepụta ihe ole na ole na China na-emepụta hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons, na ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-adabere na mbubata. Na mgbakwunye, enwere nnukwu oghere n'etiti akụrụngwa turbocharger aluminum alloy ihe na mba ndị ọzọ. Ngwa turbocharger aluminom na-arụ ọrụ dị elu na-adabere na Japan na obodo ndị ọzọ. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ka ịmepụta ihe ndị bụ isi aluminom alloy maka pistons na-arụ ọrụ dị elu na turbocharger impellers.
5XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
Al-Mg alloys, karịsịa Al-Mg alloys na elu Mg ọdịnaya, nwere elu kpọmkwem ike, ezi weldability na corrosion iguzogide, na ga-abụ nke ukwuu asọmpi ihe n'ọdịnihu aerospace, elu-ọsọ ụgbọ oloko, oké osimiri na ndị ọzọ ubi. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, efere alloy Al-Mg, profaịlụ na waya ịgbado ọkụ maka ikuku, ụgbọ oloko, oke osimiri na ngwa ndị ọzọ na-adabere na mbubata. Ahịa waya ịgbado ọkụ dị elu bụ nke ALCOA na-achịkwa ya na United States. ER5183 na ER5356 alloys na-adabere na mbubata, na olu mbubata bụ ihe dịka 70% nke ahịa ha. Al-Mg alloys maka ụgbọ mmiri na-adabere na Russia. Ingots omenala nke alloys nwere ọdịnaya Mg dị elu nwere dendrites emepụtara nke ọma, ikewapụ akụkụ eutectic siri ike, yana arụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma. Usoro nhazi nke ugbu a ka nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu, dị ka arụmọrụ dị ala, àgwà adịghị mma, ogologo usoro, àgwà na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, na obere mkpụrụ. Sub-ngwa ngwa siri ike na-akpụ nwere ike igbochi ọdịda nke Mg, na n'otu oge ahụ nwere ike na-achịkwa iji nweta ezi equiaxed kristal na nano-precipitated n'usoro, na-eme ka nke ukwuu arụmọrụ na uniformity nke ihe onwunwe. Ya mere, mmepe nke sub-ngwa ngwa solidification na-aga n'ihu rheological extrusion na mpịakọta technology maka elu-arụmọrụ Al-Mg alloys na-atụ anya izute mkpa nke elu-edu Al-Mg alloys.
6XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
6XXX usoro aluminum alloy ihe bụ isi ihe na ubi nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè transit, ụgbọala, ngwá electronic, wdg Ebe ọ bụ na 1980s, mepere emepe mba na mpaghara ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka Europe, United States, na Japan emepụtala aluminum alloys maka ụgbọala, aha akara ule dị ka 6009, 6016, 6010, 6111, na 6022 usoro zuru ezu maka mmepụta nke 6022, na mmepụta usoro 6022. ogwe ahụ ụgbọ ala, extrusions, forgings, wdg. Nnyocha mmepụta ihe na mmepe nke 6XXX usoro aluminum alloy body panels na forgings na China ka malitere, na e nwere ọdịiche doro anya. Ministry of Industry na Information Technology nke China tụrụ aro na akpakanamde aluminum alloy Ibé akwụkwọ na-mepụtara bụ: 6016-S, 6016-IH, 6016-IBR, 6A16-S, 6A16-IBR, 6022, wdg The ahụkarị 6XXX usoro aluminum alloy mpempe akwụkwọ nwere elongation A525% ọ bụghị ihe na-erughị uru karịa 525% 0.60, 60 d na-adọba ụgbọala na-amịpụta ike Rp0.2 nke na-erughị 140 N/mm2 na agba ike na-emepụta ike nke na-erughị 80 N/mm2. Na nzaghachi maka mkpa dị iche iche, mmepe nke imewe, nkwadebe na nhazi teknụzụ nke 6XXX usoro aluminum alloys aghọwo ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere nke mmepe.
7XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
7XXX usoro aluminum alloys nwere ezigbo nrụgide corrosion nguzogide yana usoro kachasị ike n'etiti alloys aluminum. A na-amata ha n'ụwa niile dị ka ihe ọkpụkpụ azụ ụgbọ elu. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, mba ndị ọzọ emepụtala 7055 alloy (Al8Zn-2.05Mg-2.3Cu-0.16Zr), onye nrụgide mkpụrụ ya karịrị 620 MPa na steeti T77511. A na-eji ya na ụgbọ elu Boeing 777 ma na-ebelata ibu site na 635 kg. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, China enweghị usoro nhazi alloy na nkwadebe na teknụzụ nhazi maka usoro 7XXX aluminum alloys maka ụgbọ elu, ụfọdụ ngwaahịa na-adabere kpamkpam na mbubata. N'ihi nnukwu ingots nke 7XXX usoro aluminum alloys na ọtụtụ alloy alloy, wide solidification range, nnukwu nkedo nrụgide, na mfe oxidation / nkewa nke alloy ọcha, metallurgical àgwà nke ingots adịghị mma na ime ụlọ okpomọkụ na-eme ka arụmọrụ dị ala, ọ dị oke mkpa ịmepụta ọhụrụ 7XXX usoro aluminum alloys.
Aluminom-lithium (Al-Li) alloy
Aluminom-lithium alloy bụ ihe kacha na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ihe gbasara ụgbọ elu n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Ọ nwere njirimara nke njupụta dị ala, modul na-agbanwe dị elu, isi ike dị elu, arụmọrụ ike ọgwụgwụ dị mma, yana nguzogide corrosion. Mgbe dochie ot aluminom alloys, uka nwere ike belata site 10% ~ 20% na stiffness nwere ike mụbaa site 15% ~ 20%. Na mmalite narị afọ nke 21st, ụlọ ọrụ American ALCOA malitere "ALCOA Aviation 20/20 Plan", na ebumnuche nke ibelata ọnụ ahịa na ịdị arọ nke alloys aluminom ụgbọ elu site na 20% nke ọ bụla n'ime afọ 20. Constellium emepụtala 2050 na 2198 aluminum-lithium alloys (Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag) na njupụta dị ala, ịdị elu siri ike na nkwụsị mmebi dị elu. Enwere akara ule Al-Li alloy ole na ole mepụtara na China, ma naanị 1420 alloy ejirila. Aluminom-lithium alloy eji na ụgbọ elu njem C919 bụ nke Alcoa na-enye. N'ime ụlọ, naanị akara ngosi alloy nwere oke dị ka 1420, 2195, 2197, na 2A97 ka enwere ike imepụta, na ingots bụ naanị ingots dị larịị n'okpuru ((310 ~ 400) × 1280 × 4000) mm na ingots gbara gburugburu n'okpuru φ650 mm. Flat ingots (2B16) nke nwere ọkpụrụkpụ karịa 60 mm na obosara karịa 1500 mm, na ingots (2B16) nke nwere dayameta karịa 1500 mm n'ọhịa nke ngwa ụgbọ elu dị elu ka emebebeghị nke ọma. Ya mere, ọ dị oke mkpa ịmepụta ihe ọhụrụ aluminum-lithium alloy design, ultra-large ingot nkwadebe na nkà na ụzụ nhazi miri emi.
Aluminom alloy na-eguzogide okpomọkụ
Aluminom alloys na-eguzogide okpomọkụ bụ isi ihe dị mkpa n'ọhịa nke ikuku ikuku, ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ okporo ígwè, wdg site n'ịchịkwa ihe ndị dị ka Si, Fe, Ni, Ag, na ụwa ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na-eme ka aluminum alloys na-eguzogide oxidation na creep na elu okpomọkụ. Omenala okpomoku na-eguzogide ọgwụ aluminom gụnyere: 2519, 2618, 2219, 2D70, wdg Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ikuku ikuku na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala, a na-etinye ihe ndị dị elu na alloys aluminum na-eguzogide okpomọkụ. Ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ụgbọ elu ndị agha nwere nnukwu ọsọ njem ụgbọ mmiri, na okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke fuselage akpụkpọ ahụ karịrị 150 Celsius. Ugbu a, ogologo oge ojiji okpomọkụ nke aluminum alloys okpomọkụ na-eguzogide dị ka 2618 na 2D70 bụ n'okpuru 150 ° C. Ọ dị mkpa ịmepụta ihe ọhụrụ aluminom alloys na-eguzogide okpomọkụ.
Al-Sc alloy nwere ultra-low scandium (Sc) ọdịnaya
Al-Sc alloy nwere ihe magburu onwe ya dị ka ike dị elu, ezigbo plasticity na corrosion resistance, ma ghọọ ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ihe dị arọ maka ikuku, ụgbọ mmiri, wdg mgbe Al-Li alloy gasịrị. Ike ike nke Al-Mg alloy nwere ọnụọgụ nyocha nke scandium bụ 30% dị elu karịa nke alloy 5083, na ike mkpụrụ dị ihe karịrị okpukpu abụọ. Ya weldability bụ tụnyere nke ot 5XXX usoro alloys, n'ibu Njirimara nke okpomọkụ-emetụta mpaghara na weld bụ ihe hà nhata nke matriks, na corrosion iguzogide bụ tụnyere nke 5083 alloy. Dochie 5XXX ma ọ bụ 6XXX usoro alloys n'ime imepụta akụrụngwa ikuku nwere ike nweta nsonaazụ mbelata ibu dị ukwuu, yana ọ bụkwa ihe kachasị mma maka ụgbọ ala na ụgbọ ala ụgbọ oloko. Russia nọ n'ihu ụwa na mmepe nke scandium nwere aluminum alloys, ma guzobe Al-Mg-Sc, Al-Mg-Li-Sc, Al-Zn-MgSc, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc, na Al-Cu-Mg-Sc alloys nwere scandium ọdịnaya nke 0.18% ~ 0.5%. Iji kwalite ngwa nke aluminom-scandium alloys na aerospace na ụgbọ ala, Ministry of Industry na Technology Technology nke China depụtara scandium - nwere aluminum alloys dị ka otu n'ime ihe ọhụrụ maka mmepe mbụ. China bara ụba na akụrụngwa scandium ma wuo eriri mmepụta nke scandium oxide dị ọcha, na-atọ ntọala maka mmepe nke aluminom-scandium alloys.
500 MPa ọkwa na-ekpo ọkụ stamping aluminum alloy maka ụgbọ ala
A ka nwere oghere na-ekpo ọkụ stamping elu-ike aluminum alloy ihe na China. Nchikota nke ọhụrụ ihe na ọhụrụ akpụ usoro mmepe bụ irè ụzọ dozie nsogbu nke elu-ike aluminum alloy ụgbọ ala akụkụ akpụ. Na-elekwasị anya na 7XXX usoro alloys, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-enyocha 2XXX alloys, na ịmepụta 500 MPa ọkwa aluminum alloy ihe maka stampụ ọkụ nwere atụmanya dị mkpa maka ịmepụta akụkụ ụgbọ ala dị mgbagwoju anya.
Ihe ngwakọta nke dabeere na aluminom
Aluminom-steel multilayer efere mejupụtara: Njikọ dị irè n'etiti aluminom na nchara nchara aghọwo otu n'ime ihe mgbochi maka ịdị arọ nke nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri. Ntugharị ngbanwe nke aluminom-steel na-eji maka ịgbado ọkụ n'etiti aluminom na nchara nchara na-enye ihe ngwọta iji dochie usoro ịgba egwu ọdịnala. Honda ewepụtala teknụzụ njikọ nchara na aluminom nke a ga-eji zuru ụwa ọnụ na okpokolo agba ụgbọ ala arụpụtara ọtụtụ mmadụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ebubata nkwonkwo nkwonkwo aluminom-steel na China site na mba ọzọ, ọnụ ahịa dị elu dị ka 4 × 10 5 CNY / t. Site na ụgbọ mmiri buru ibu n'ọdịnihu, okpomọkụ ịgbado ọkụ dị elu, nrụgide na-ebuwanye ibu, na njikọ njikọ siri ike dị mkpa maka nkwonkwo mgbanwe, na nkwonkwo aluminom na-arụ ọrụ dị elu dị mkpa ngwa ngwa.
Oge nzipu: Mar-08-2025
