1. Ihe ndị na-akpata macroscopic na-enye aka na nhazi nke mgbawa
1.1 N'oge nkedo na-aga n'ihu na ọkara, a na-efesa mmiri jụrụ oyi ozugbo n'elu ingot, na-emepụta gradient okpomọkụ dị elu n'ime ingot. Nke a na-ebute nkwekọrịta na-enweghị isi n'etiti mpaghara dị iche iche, na-eme ka njide onwe ya na-ebute nrụgide okpomọkụ. N'okpuru mpaghara nrụgide ụfọdụ, nrụgide ndị a nwere ike ibute mgbawa ingot.
1.2 Na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ingot cracking na-emekarị na mmalite nkedo ma ọ bụ na-amalite dị ka microcracks na-emesị gbasaa n'oge oyi, nwere ike gbasaa n'ime ingot dum. Na mgbakwunye na mgbawa, ntụpọ ndị ọzọ dị ka mkpọchi oyi, ịgbagha, na nkwudo nwekwara ike ime n'oge nkedo mbụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ dị egwu na usoro nkedo dum.
1.3 A na-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu site na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ, nnukwu ihe mgbakwunye, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anụcha ọka a na-eji.
1.4 Mmetụta mgbawa na-ekpo ọkụ nke alloys bụ tumadi n'ihi nrụgide dị n'ime nke na-eme ka e guzobe oghere na mgbawa. A na-ekpebi nguzobe na nkesa ha site na ihe ndị na-ekekọta ihe, agbazekwa ogo ọla, yana ihe nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu. Kpọmkwem, nnukwu ingots nke 7xxx usoro aluminom alloys na-adịkarị mfe mgbawa ọkụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, oke siri ike, nrụgide nkedo dị elu, ikewapụ oxidation nke ihe alloy, ịdị mma metallurgical na-adịghị mma, yana usoro dị ala na ụlọ okpomọkụ.
Nnyocha 1.5 egosila na mpaghara electromagnetic na ihe ndị na-ekekọta ihe (gụnyere ndị na-anụcha ọka, ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe ndị dị mkpa, na ihe ndị na-achọpụta ihe) na-emetụta nke ọma na microstructure na ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke ihe nkedo 7xxx na-aga n'ihu.
1.6 Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, n'ihi mgbagwoju anya nke 7050 aluminum alloy na ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị mfe oxidized, gbazee na-adọrọ mmasị karị hydrogen. Nke a, jikọtara ya na oxide inclusions, na-eduga n'ịdị n'otu nke gas na ntinye, na-eme ka ihe dị elu hydrogen dị na gbazee. Ọdịnaya hydrogen abụrụla isi ihe na-emetụta nsonaazụ nyocha, omume mgbaji, na ike ọgwụgwụ nke ihe ingot emebere. Ya mere, dabere na usoro nke ọnụnọ hydrogen na agbaze, ọ dị mkpa iji mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na ihe na-edozi ihe na-eme ka a na-ewepụ hydrogen na ihe ndị ọzọ na-esi na mgbaze ahụ iji nweta ihe mgbaze dị ọcha nke ukwuu.
2. Microscopic Ihe Na-akpata Mgbawa
2.1 Ingot na-ekpo ọkụ na-agbawa nke ọma bụ nke a na-ekpebi site na ọnụego nke nkwụsị nke siri ike, ọnụego nri, na oke dị egwu nke mpaghara mushy. Ọ bụrụ na nha nke mpaghara mushy gafere ọnụ ụzọ dị oke egwu, mgbawa ọkụ ga-eme.
2.2 N'ozuzu, usoro ihe siri ike nke alloys nwere ike kewaa n'ọtụtụ ọkwa: nri nnukwu nri, nri interdendritic, nkewa dendrite, na dendrite bridging.
2.3 N'oge nkewa nke dendrite, ogwe aka dendrite na-ejikọta ya na mmiri mmiri na-ejedebe site na esemokwu elu. A na-ebelata njedebe nke mpaghara mushy, na nkwụsị nke siri ike zuru ezu na nrụgide okpomọkụ nwere ike iduga microporosity ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọkụ ọkụ.
2.4 Na dendrite bridgeing ogbo, ọ bụ naanị obere mmiri mmiri na-anọgide na okpukpu atọ. N'oge a, ihe nkedo siri ike nwere ike dị ukwuu na plasticity, na ihe siri ike nke steeti bụ nanị usoro iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka nkwụsịtụ siri ike na nrụgide okpomọkụ. Nkeji abụọ a bụ nke kachasị etolite oghere shrinkage ma ọ bụ mgbawa ọkụ.
3. Nkwadebe nke Slab Ingots dị elu dabere na usoro mgbawa nhazi.
3.1 Ingots slab buru ibu na-egosipụtakarị mgbawa elu, porosity dị n'ime, na ntinye, nke na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n'omume arụ ọrụ n'oge nkwụsi ike alloy.
3.2 Njirimara igwe nke alloy n'oge ikwado siri ike na-adabere na njirimara nhazi ime, gụnyere nha ọka, ọdịnaya hydrogen, na ọkwa nsonye.
3.3 Maka aluminom alloys nwere usoro dendritic, oghere dendrite nke abụọ (SDAS) na-emetụta ma akụrụngwa akụrụngwa yana usoro siri ike. SDAS kacha mma na-eduga n'ichepụta porosity mbụ yana akụkụ porosity dị elu, na-ebelata nrụgide dị egwu maka mgbawa ọkụ.
3.4 Nkwarụ dị ka interdendritic shrinkage voids na ntinye na-ebelata ike nke ọkpụkpụ siri ike ma na-ebelata nrụgide dị egwu achọrọ maka mgbawa ọkụ.
3.5 morphology ọka bụ ihe ọzọ dị oke egwu microstructural na-emetụta omume mgbawa ọkụ. Mgbe ọka na-agbanwe site na dendrites columnar gaa na mkpụrụ osisi globular equiaxed, alloy na-egosipụta okpomọkụ siri ike dị ala yana mma permeability mmiri interdendritic, nke na-egbochi uto pore. Na mgbakwunye, ọka ndị dị mma nwere ike nabata ụdị dị ukwuu na nha nha ma na-eweta ụzọ mgbape dị mgbagwoju anya karị, si otú a na-ebelata mkpokọta ọkụ ọkụ.
3.6 N'ime mmepụta ihe bara uru, ịkwalite njikwa agbaze na usoro nkedo - dị ka ịchịkwa nsonye na ọdịnaya hydrogen, yana nhazi ọka-nwere ike imezi nkwụsi ike nke ime slab ingots na mgbawa ọkụ. N'ijikọta ya na nhazi ngwá ọrụ kachasị mma na ụzọ nhazi, usoro ndị a nwere ike iduga n'ịmepụta ihe nkedo dị elu, nke buru ibu, nke dị elu.
4. Nnụcha ọka nke Ingot
7050 aluminum alloy bụ isi na-eji ụdị ọka refiners abụọ: Al-5Ti-1B na Al-3Ti-0.15C. Ọmụmụ ihe atụnyere na ntinye ntanetị nke ndị nnụcha ndị a na-egosi:
4.1 Ingots a nụchara anụcha na Al-5Ti-1B na-egosipụta nha ọka pere mpe yana mgbanwe otu karịa site na nsọtụ ingot gaa na etiti. Okpokoro ahịhịa na-esighị ike dị gịrịgịrị, yana nsonaazụ nchacha ọka n'ozuzu na-esiwanye ike n'ofe ingot.
4.2 Mgbe a na-eji akụrụngwa emechara nke ọma na Al-3Ti-0.15C, mmetụta nchacha ọka nke Al-5Ti-1B na-ebelata. Ọzọkwa, ịba ụba nke mgbakwunye Al-Ti-B gafere otu ebe anaghị eme ka nchacha ọka dị oke nha. Ya mere, mgbakwunye Al-Ti-B kwesịrị ịbụ naanị ihe karịrị 2 kg / t.
4.3 Ingots a nụchara anụcha ya na Al-3Ti-0.15C nwere ọkachamma nke ọka dị mma, globular equiaxed. Ogo ọka bụ otu n'ofe obosara nke mbadamba nkume ahụ. Mgbakwunye 3-4 kg / t nke Al-3Ti-0.15C dị irè n'ịkwado àgwà ngwaahịa.
4.4 N'ụzọ doro anya, mgbe a na-eji Al-5Ti-1B na 7050 alloy, akụkụ TiB₂ na-ekewapụ na fim oxide na elu ingot n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị jụụ ngwa ngwa, na-eme ụyọkọ nke na-eduga n'ichepụta slag. N'oge ingot solidification, ụyọkọ ndị a na-adaba n'ime ime ka ha nwee oghere dị ka mpịaji, na-agbanwe esemokwu elu nke agbaze. Nke a na-abawanye gbazee viscosity ma na-ebelata fluidity, nke n'aka nke na-akwalite mgbape e guzobere na isi nke ebu na nkuku nke sara mbara na warara ihu nke ingot. Nke a na-ebuli elu nke ukwuu ma na-emetụta mkpụrụ ingot nke ọma.
4.5 N'iburu n'uche n'ichepụta omume nke 7050 alloy, usoro ọka nke ụdị anụ ụlọ na nke mba ụwa, na àgwà nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ a na-edozi, Al-3Ti-0.15C na-ahọrọ dị ka onye na-eme ka ọka na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nkedo 7050 alloy-ọ gwụla ma ọnọdụ ụfọdụ chọrọ ma ọ bụghị.
5. Omume mkpocha ọka nke Al-3Ti-0.15C
5.1 Mgbe a na-agbakwunye onye na-anụcha ọka na 720 Celsius C, ọka ndị ahụ na-agụnye ihe ndị equiaxed na-arụ ọrụ na ụfọdụ substructures na ndị kasị mma na nha.
5.2 Ọ bụrụ na agbazere agbaze ogologo oge ka agbakwunyere onye nrụpụta (dịka ọmụmaatụ, gafere nkeji 10), uto dendritic siri ike na-achịkwa, na-ebute mkpụrụ ọka.
5.3 Mgbe ego mgbakwunye nke onye na-anụcha ọka bụ 0.010% ruo 0.015%, a na-enweta mkpụrụ ọka equiaxed mara mma.
5.4 Dabere na usoro mmepụta ihe nke 7050 alloy, ọnọdụ nhazi ọka kachasị mma bụ: mgbakwunye okpomọkụ gburugburu 720 Celsius C, oge site na mgbakwunye na njedebe ikpeazụ na-achịkwa n'ime nkeji 20, na ego refiner na mkpokọta 0.01-0.015% (3-4 kg / t nke Al-3Ti-0.15C).
5.5 N'agbanyeghị ọdịiche dị na ingot size, ngụkọta oge site na-agbakwunye ọka refiner mgbe gbazee ụzọ ọpụpụ, site na in-line usoro, trough, na ebu, na ikpeazụ solidification bụ a 15-20 nkeji.
5.6 N'ime ntọala ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ịba ụba nke onye na-anụcha ọka ọka karịa ọdịnaya Ti nke 0.01% adịghị eme ka nhazi ọka dị mma. Kama, mgbakwunye oke oke na-eduga na ịba ụba Ti na C, na-abawanye ohere nke ntụpọ ihe.
5.7 Nnwale n'ebe dị iche iche — mgbaba Degas, ihe nrụpụta degas, na ihe nkedo - na-egosi obere ọdịiche dị na nha ọka. Otú ọ dị, ịgbakwunye onye na-anụcha ihe ozugbo na ebe a na-eme ihe nkedo na-enweghị nzacha na-abawanye ohere nke ntụpọ n'oge nyocha ultrasonic nke ihe ndị a na-edozi.
5.8 Iji hụ na a na-edozi ọka na-edozi otu ma gbochie nchịkọta onye na-emepụta ihe, a ga-agbakwunye onye na-edozi ọka na ntinye nke usoro degassing.
Oge nzipu: Jul-16-2025
