Ọla kọpa
Mgbe akụkụ aluminom-ọgaranya nke aluminom-ọla kọpa alloy bụ 548, oke solubility nke ọla kọpa na aluminom bụ 5.65%. Mgbe okpomọkụ dara na 302, solubility nke ọla kọpa bụ 0.45%. Ọla kọpa bụ ihe dị mkpa alloy ma nwee ụfọdụ ihe ngwọta siri ike na-ewusi ike. Na mgbakwunye, CuAl2 na-ebute site na ịka nká nwere mmetụta ike ịka nká doro anya. Ọdịnaya ọla kọpa na aluminom alloys na-abụkarị n'etiti 2.5% na 5%, na mmetụta na-ewusi ike kachasị mma mgbe ọdịnaya ọla kọpa dị n'etiti 4% na 6.8%, yabụ ọdịnaya ọla kọpa nke ọtụtụ duralumin alloys dị n'ime oke a. Aluminom-ọla kọpa alloys nwere ike ịnwe obere silicon, magnesium, manganese, chromium, zinc, ígwè na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Silikoni
Mgbe akụkụ aluminom bara ụba nke Al-Si alloy system nwere eutectic okpomọkụ nke 577, kacha solubility nke silicon na ngwọta siri ike bụ 1.65%. Ọ bụ ezie na solubility na-ebelata na okpomọkụ na-ebelata, alloys ndị a n'ozuzu enweghị ike iwusi ike site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ. Aluminom-silicon alloy nwere ezigbo ihe nkedo na nguzogide corrosion. Ọ bụrụ na a na-agbakwunye magnesium na silicon na aluminom n'otu oge iji mepụta aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, usoro na-ewusi ike bụ MgSi. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke magnesium na silicon bụ 1.73: 1. Mgbe ị na-emepụta ihe mejupụtara Al-Mg-Si alloy, a na-ahazi ọdịnaya nke magnesium na silicon na oke a na matriks. Iji meziwanye ike nke ụfọdụ alloys Al-Mg-Si, a na-agbakwunye ọla kọpa kwesịrị ekwesị, a na-agbakwunyekwa chromium kwesịrị ekwesị iji wepụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọla kọpa na nguzogide corrosion.
Oke kachasị ike nke Mg2Si na aluminom na akụkụ aluminom bara ụba nke usoro nha nhata nke sistemu Al-Mg2Si alloy bụ 1.85%, ngbanwe ahụ dị ntakịrị ka okpomọkụ na-ebelata. N'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, ihe mgbakwunye nke silicon naanị na aluminom na-ejedebe na ihe ịgbado ọkụ, na mgbakwunye nke silicon na aluminom nwekwara mmetụta na-ewusi ike.
Magnesium
Ọ bụ ezie na usoro nke solubility na-egosi na solubility nke magnesium na aluminom na-ebelata nke ukwuu ka okpomọkụ na-ebelata, ọdịnaya magnesium n'ime ọtụtụ ihe arụrụ arụ ọrụ aluminum alloys bụ ihe na-erughị 6%. Ọdịnaya silicon dịkwa obere. Ụdị alloy a enweghị ike iwusi ike site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, mana ọ nwere ezigbo weldability, ezigbo nguzogide corrosion, na ike ọkara. Ike nke aluminom site na magnesium doro anya. Maka mmụba 1% ọ bụla na magnesium, ike nkwụsị na-abawanye site na ihe dịka 34MPa. Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere ihe na-erughị 1% manganese, enwere ike ịgbakwunye mmetụta na-ewusi ike. Ya mere, ịgbakwụnye manganese nwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya magnesium ma belata ọchịchọ nke mgbawa ọkụ. Na mgbakwunye, manganese nwekwara ike ịgbanye ogige Mg5Al8 n'otu n'otu, na-eme ka nguzogide corrosion na ịrụ ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ.
Manganese
Mgbe eutectic okpomọkụ nke ewepụghị nha nha usoro eserese nke Al-Mn alloy usoro bụ 658, kacha solubility nke manganese na ngwọta siri ike bụ 1.82%. Ike nke alloy na-abawanye na mmụba nke solubility. Mgbe ọdịnaya manganese dị 0.8%, elongation ruru uru kachasị elu. Al-Mn alloy bụ alloy na-abụghị afọ hardening, ya bụ, ọ pụghị iwusi ya ike site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ. Manganese nwere ike igbochi usoro recrystallization nke aluminom alloys, mee ka okpomọkụ recrystallization dịkwuo elu, ma mee ka ọka ndị a na-emegharị emegharị nke ọma. Ntucha nke mkpụrụ osisi recrystallized bụ nke kachasị n'ihi na ihe ndị a chụsasịrị nke ogige MnAl6 na-egbochi uto nke mkpụrụ osisi recrystallized. Ọrụ ọzọ nke MnAl6 bụ ịgbari ígwè adịghị ọcha iji mepụta (Fe, Mn) Al6, na-ebelata mmetụta ọjọọ nke ígwè. Manganese bụ ihe dị mkpa na aluminom alloys. Enwere ike ịgbakwunye ya naanị ka ọ mepụta ọnụọgụ abụọ Al-Mn. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-agbakwunye ya na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe. Ya mere, ọtụtụ aluminom alloys nwere manganese.
Zinc
The solubility nke zinc na aluminum bụ 31.6% na 275 na aluminum-ọgaranya akụkụ nke nha nha usoro eserese nke Al-Zn alloy usoro, mgbe ya solubility na-adaba na 5.6% na 125. Ịgbakwunye zinc naanị na aluminum nwere nnọọ mmachi mma na. ike nke aluminom alloy n'okpuru ọnọdụ nrụrụ. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere ọchịchọ nke nrụgide corrosion cracking, si otú ahụ na-amachi ngwa ya. Ịgbakwunye zinc na magnesium na aluminom n'otu oge ahụ na-etolite usoro ike Mg/Zn2, nke nwere mmetụta dị ike na-ewusi ike na alloy. Mgbe ọdịnaya Mg/Zn2 na-abawanye site na 0.5% ruo 12%, ike nkwụsị na ike mkpụrụ nwere ike ịbawanye nke ọma. Na superhard aluminum alloys ebe ọdịnaya magnesium karịrị ego achọrọ iji mepụta usoro Mg/Zn2, mgbe a na-achịkwa oke nke zinc na magnesium na gburugburu 2.7, nrụgide corrosion cracking kacha ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgbakwunye ọla kọpa na Al-Zn-Mg na-etolite usoro Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. Mmetụta ike isi bụ nke kachasị n'etiti ihe niile aluminom alloys. Ọ bụkwa ihe dị mkpa aluminom alloy na mbara igwe, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu, na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik.
Iron na silicon
A na-agbakwunye ígwè dị ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na Al-Cu-Mg-Ni-Fe usoro a na-arụ aluminum alloys, na-agbakwunye silicon dị ka ihe alloying na Al-Mg-Si usoro a rụrụ aluminum na na Al-Si usoro ịgbado ọkụ mkpanaka na aluminum-silicon nkedo. alloys. Na ntọala aluminum alloys, silicon na ígwè bụ ihe na-adịghị ọcha na-emekarị, nke nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na njirimara nke alloy. Ha kachasị dị ka FeCl3 na silicon efu. Mgbe silicon dị ukwuu karịa ígwè, a na-emepụta usoro β-FeSiAl3 (ma ọ bụ Fe2Si2Al9), na mgbe ígwè dị ukwuu karịa silicon, a na-emepụta α-Fe2SiAl8 (ma ọ bụ Fe3Si2Al12). Mgbe oke nke ígwè na silicon ezighi ezi, ọ ga-eme ka mgbawa na nkedo ahụ. Mgbe ọdịnaya ígwè dị na aluminom nkedo dị oke elu, ihe nkedo ahụ ga-abụ nke na-akụkụ.
Titanium na boron
Titanium bụ ihe mgbakwunye a na-ejikarị na aluminum alloys, agbakwunyere n'ụdị Al-Ti ma ọ bụ Al-Ti-B master alloy. Titanium na aluminom na-etolite usoro TiAl2, nke na-aghọ isi ihe na-adịghị eme onwe ya n'oge kristal ma na-ekere òkè n'imezigharị nhazi nkedo na nhazi weld. Mgbe Al-Ti alloys na-enweta mmeghachi omume ngwugwu, ọdịnaya dị oke egwu nke titanium bụ ihe dịka 0.15%. Ọ bụrụ na boron dị, mbelata dị ntakịrị ka 0.01%.
Chromium
Chromium bụ ihe mgbakwunye a na-ahụkarị na usoro Al-Mg-Si, usoro Al-Mg-Zn, na usoro Al-Mg. Na 600ºC, solubility nke chromium na aluminom bụ 0.8%, na ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe na ụlọ okpomọkụ. Chromium na-etolite ogige intermetallic dị ka (CrFe) Al7 na (CrMn) Al12 na aluminom, nke na-egbochi usoro nucleation na uto nke recrystallization ma nwee mmetụta siri ike na alloy. Ọ nwekwara ike imeziwanye ike nke alloy ahụ ma belata ike ọgwụgwụ nke corrosion cracking.
Otú ọ dị, saịtị na-abawanye quenching uche, na-eme ka ihe nkiri anodized edo edo. Ọnụ ọgụgụ chromium agbakwunyere na alloy aluminum anaghị agafe 0.35%, ma na-ebelata na mmụba nke ihe mgbanwe na alloy.
Strontium
Strontium bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'elu nke nwere ike ịgbanwe omume nke akụkụ ngwakọta intermetallic na crystallographically. Ya mere, ọgwụgwọ mgbanwe na strontium element nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ plastik nke alloy na àgwà nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ. N'ihi ogologo oge mgbanwe ya dị irè, mmetụta dị mma na mmụgharị, strontium anọchiwo iji sodium na Al-Si nkedo alloys n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Na-agbakwụnye 0.015% ~ 0.03% strontium na aluminum alloy maka extrusion na-atụgharị β-AlFeSi usoro na ingot n'ime α-AlFeSi oge, ibelata ingot homogenization oge site 60% ~ 70%, melite n'ibu Njirimara na plastic processability nke ihe; na-eme ka ọ dị elu nke ngwaahịa.
N'ihi na elu-silicon (10% ~ 13%) aluminum alloys deformed, na-agbakwunye 0.02% ~ 0.07% strontium element nwere ike ibelata isi kristal ka opekempe, na n'ibu Njirimara na-na-butere mma. The tensile ike бb na-abawanye site 233MPa ka 236MPa, na mkpụrụ ike б0.2 mụbara site 204MPa ka 210MPa, na elongation б5 mụbara site 9% ka 12%. Ịgbakwunye strontium na hypereutectic Al-Si alloy nwere ike ibelata nha nke mkpụrụ ndụ silicon nke bụ isi, melite akụrụngwa nhazi rọba, ma mee ka ntụgharị ọkụ na oyi dị nro.
Zirconium
Zirconium bụkwa ihe mgbakwunye na aluminom alloys. N'ozuzu, ego agbakwunyere na aluminum alloys bụ 0.1% ~ 0.3%. Zirconium na aluminom na-etolite ogige ZrAl3, nke nwere ike igbochi usoro recrystallization na nụchaa ọka ndị a na-emegharị. Zirconium nwekwara ike imezi nhazi nkedo, mana mmetụta ya pere mpe karịa titanium. Ọnụnọ nke zirconium ga-ebelata mmetụta nchacha ọka nke titanium na boron. Na Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, ebe ọ bụ na zirconium nwere mmetụta dị nta na nkwụsị uche karịa chromium na manganese, ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji zirconium kama chromium na manganese nụchaa nhazi nke recrystallized.
Ihe ndị dị ụkọ n'ụwa
A na-agbakwunye ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na aluminom alloys iji mee ka ihe dị jụụ n'oge aluminom alloy casting, nụchaa ọka, belata ohere kristal nke abụọ, belata gas na ntinye na alloy, ma na-agbasawanye usoro nsonye. Ọ nwekwara ike ibelata esemokwu elu nke gbazee, mee ka mmiri dịkwuo elu, na ịkwado nkedo n'ime ingots, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na arụmọrụ usoro. Ọ ka mma ịgbakwunye ala dị iche iche na-adịghị ahụkebe na ihe dịka 0.1%. Mgbakwunye nke agwakọta obere ụwa (agwakọta La-Ce-Pr-Nd, wdg) na-ebelata okpomọkụ dị egwu maka nhazi mpaghara GP ịka nká na Al-0.65%Mg-0.61% Si alloy. Aluminom alloys nwere magnesium nwere ike kpalite metamorphism nke ihe ndị dị ụkọ n'ụwa.
adịghị ọcha
Vanadium na-emepụta ogige refractory Val11 na aluminum alloys, nke na-ekere òkè n'ịnụcha ọka n'oge agbaze na nkedo, ma ọrụ ya dị ntakịrị karịa nke titanium na zirconium. Vanadium nwekwara mmetụta nke imezigharị ihe owuwu recrystallized na ịbawanye okpomọkụ recrystallization.
Ihe siri ike nke calcium na aluminom alloys dị oke ala, ọ na-etolitekwa CaAl4 na aluminom. Calcium bụ ihe superplastic nke aluminom alloys. Aluminom alloy nwere ihe dịka 5% calcium na 5% manganese nwere superplasticity. Calcium na silicon na-etolite CaSi, nke na-adịghị edozi na aluminom. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebelata ihe ngwọta siri ike nke silicon, enwere ike imeziwanye conductivity eletrik nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị ọcha aluminum. Calcium nwere ike melite arụmọrụ ịkpụ nke aluminom alloys. CaSi2 enweghị ike iwusi aluminom alloys ike site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ. Nchọpụta nke calcium na-enye aka n'iwepụ hydrogen na aluminum gbazere.
Lead, tin, na bismuth bụ ọla ndị na-agbaze dị ala. Solubility ha siri ike na aluminom dị ntakịrị, nke na-ebelata ike nke alloy, ma ọ nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ ịkpụ. Bismuth na-agbasawanye n'oge siri ike, nke bara uru maka nri. Ịtinye bismuth na nnukwu magnesium alloys nwere ike igbochi sodium embrittlement.
A na-ejikarị Antimony eme ihe dị ka ihe ngbanwe n'ime ihe nkedo aluminom alloys, ọ naghị adịkarịkwa eji ya eme ihe na alloys aluminom nwere nkwarụ. Naanị dochie bismuth na Al-Mg oruru aluminom alloy iji gbochie mgbaka sodium. A na-agbakwunye ihe antimony na ụfọdụ alloys Al-Zn-Mg-Cu iji melite arụmọrụ nke ịpị ọkụ na usoro ịpị oyi.
Beryllium nwere ike melite nhazi ihe nkiri oxide na alloys aluminom mebiri emebi ma belata mfu ọkụ na ntinye n'oge agbaze na nkedo. Beryllium bụ ihe na-egbu egbu nke nwere ike ịkpata nsị nfụkasị n'ime mmadụ. Ya mere, beryllium enweghị ike ịdị n'ime aluminom alloys nke na-abanye na nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ. A na-achịkwa ọdịnaya beryllium n'ime ihe ịgbado ọkụ n'okpuru 8μg/ml. Aluminom alloys eji dị ka ihe ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị ịchịkwa ọdịnaya beryllium.
Sodium fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe na aluminom, na oke ike solubility bụ ihe na-erughị 0.0025%. Ebe mgbaze nke sodium dị ala (97.8 ℃), mgbe sodium dị na alloy, a na-etinye ya n'elu dendrite ma ọ bụ ókèala ọka n'oge siri ike, n'oge nhazi ọkụ, sodium na oke ọka na-etolite akwa adsorption nke mmiri mmiri, na-ebute mgbawa na-agbaji agbaji, nhazi nke ogige NaAlSi, ọ dịghị sodium n'efu dị, ọ dịghịkwa emepụta "sodium brittle".
Mgbe ọdịnaya magnesium karịrị 2%, magnesium na-ewepụ silicon ma na-ebuli sodium efu, na-ebute "sodium brittleness". Ya mere, nnukwu magnesium aluminum alloy adịghị ekwe ka ọ jiri nnu nnu sodium mee ihe. Ụzọ iji gbochie "sodium embrittlement" gụnyere chlorination, nke na-eme ka sodium na-emepụta NaCl ma na-ahapụ ya n'ime slag, na-agbakwụnye bismuth iji mepụta Na2Bi na ịbanye na metal matrix; na-agbakwunye antimony iji mepụta Na3Sb ma ọ bụ ịgbakwunye ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe nwekwara ike inwe otu mmetụta ahụ.
May Jiang deziri site na MAT Aluminum
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-08-2024
